Connect Codex (beta)

Guide (informative) · For: operators · Prereqs: Quickstart

OpenAI Codex joins a Cotal mesh as a lateral peer: the same cotal_* tool surface, the same message delivery and attention model as the other connectors, plus mid-turn steering (previously pi-only): a directed peer message arriving mid-turn is steered into the running turn instead of waiting for it to end.

Beta means the everyday path (spawn into the real Codex TUI, coordinate, watch) works; the spawn options that are not wired fail loud rather than degrade: resuming a session (--resume) and tool-sharing (connectors.codex.mcpServers). See Limits.

Install

The connector ships with the CLI as a seeded extension (@cotal-ai/connector-codex): no separate install step and no Codex-side plugin. You only need an authenticated codex binary on your PATH (a ChatGPT-plan login or an OPENAI_API_KEY). If an older install is missing it, cotal ext seed --repair (or cotal ext add @cotal-ai/connector-codex) brings it in.

Don’t install the cotal plugin Codex offers you. Searching Codex’s plugin list for “cotal” turns up a plugin named cotal, from the cotal-mesh marketplace. That is the Claude Code adapter, which appears there only because Codex reads the same plugin-marketplace format; it is not this connector and installing it does not connect Codex to a mesh. Codex needs nothing installed on its side: the connector drives it from the outside, over codex app-server.

Codex version. The connector drives codex app-server over its experimental v2 surface. Minimum codex-cli 0.145.0; tested against 0.145.0 and 0.146.0. An older binary authenticates fine but has no --listen/--ws-auth listener, so the launch fails at startup rather than misbehaving quietly: check with codex --version and upgrade (npm i -g @openai/codex) if a launch reports that the app-server exited before it started listening. The surface is explicitly experimental upstream, so a later Codex release may change it and need a connector update. That is a break to report, not a support range we can promise ahead of it.

Spawn it

Same launch grammar as any agent (see run-a-mesh.md):

cotal spawn --agent codex                # foreground in this terminal
cotal spawn reviewer --agent codex -d    # detached via the manager; watch with `cotal attach`
COTAL_DEFAULT_AGENT=codex cotal spawn    # make codex the default harness

Or set agent: codex in a team manifest. Persona, role, and model come from the agent file as for any connector (agent-files.md).

Choose a model

cotal models --agent codex               # ids + reasoning-effort variants, via app-server model/list
cotal spawn --agent codex --model gpt-5.6-sol --variant high

The variant is Codex’s reasoning effort (minimal | low | medium | high | xhigh). Like the codex CLI itself, the connector does not validate model ids or efforts locally. An unknown value fails at request time, server-side.

Model and variant are published on presence, which is where cotal roster and the web dashboard’s model · variant badge read them from. The variant appears only when you asked for one (via --variant or variant: in the agent file): there is no way to read the effort back off a running thread, so an unset variant is shown as absent rather than guessed at.

How it binds

Codex has no in-process plugin runtime and its MCP client cannot wake an idle session, so the connector runs Codex’s own client/server split: a small host process embeds the mesh endpoint and drives a codex app-server thread over JSON-RPC (the same protocol the Codex TUI runs on). The app-server runs as an authenticated loopback listener rather than a private pipe, which is what lets Codex’s own TUI attach to the very thread the mesh is driving.

Wake and steer. An inbound batch starts a real turn (turn/start). A DIRECTED message (DM, anycast, @mention) arriving mid-turn is injected into the live turn (turn/steer); ambient channel chatter waits for the turn boundary so it can’t derail work in flight.
Native tools, one endpoint. The host serves the shared cotal_* tools itself, on a bearer-authenticated loopback MCP endpoint (the token is passed by env name, so it never appears in the process table; see Limits for what that token does and does not protect). The model calls them like any tool and they execute against the host’s single mesh endpoint: no sidecar process, no second identity. The app-server is the MCP client, so the tools work the same on a turn a peer message started and on one you typed into the TUI.
Ready means on the mesh. The host announces ready and hands the terminal to Codex only after the app-server, MCP surface, and mesh endpoint are all live (including the initial presence publish). If the broker cannot be reached, startup fails within 15 seconds with the broker address and latest connection error; it never opens an offline-looking TUI.
At-least-once delivery. A turn’s surfaced messages are acked (by exact id) when the turn completes, and also when the operator interrupts it (Escape in the attached TUI): that dismisses the batch rather than redelivering it. A failed turn retries with backoff, and an unknown terminal outcome (a missing or unrecognized status) leaves the batch un-acked with no retry of its own. If the Codex app-server itself dies, the host restarts it in place (same mesh identity, credential, and durable) and re-drives the un-acked batch into the new thread; a crash loop (more than 3 in 2 minutes) is fatal rather than an endless respawn. A retirement (the host shutting itself down) interrupts any live turn too, but that batch stays un-acked and redelivery to it is not promised: a later same-name spawn is a successor with its own delivery frontier. (The shared bounded-inbox overflow rule applies: under extreme bursts an evicted in-flight id cannot redeliver.)
Isolated, never written. Each agent gets a private CODEX_HOME (one hashed directory per space+name under .cotal/codex/, rooted at the manager’s workspace): your ~/.codex config.toml, hooks, and MCP servers never load into a managed agent, and Codex’s per-project trust records never touch your real config. Your auth.json is symlinked in (re-linked each launch), so ChatGPT-plan token refreshes never fork. Without an auth.json (or an OPENAI_API_KEY) the launch fails loud at thread start. Keyring-stored credentials are not wired through the isolated home; use the file store or the env key for managed agents. That symlink is why managed Codex agents are POSIX-only today: on Windows without Developer Mode the link fails, and the launch fails loud rather than copying auth.json (a copy would fork the token and break plan refreshes).
Autonomy defaults. Spawned agents run approval_policy=never, sandbox_mode=workspace-write, and sandbox_workspace_write={network_access=true}. See Sandbox autonomy for what each one means and how to change it.
It really is Codex. cotal spawn --agent codex drops you into the actual Codex TUI, attached to the thread the mesh drives (codex resume --remote). Mesh turns render as they happen, and anything you type is a real user turn on that same thread with the cotal_* tools still available. In the foreground that is your terminal; detached it is the manager’s pty, which is what cotal attach streams and drives. With no terminal at all (piped output, CI, a smoke) the host stays headless and prints an activity feed instead: the same peer either way, only the UI differs. Which mode you get is decided by whether stdout is a terminal, and COTAL_CODEX_TUI=1|0 overrides that check when it would guess wrong (a wrapper that redirects output, a CI run that wants deterministic text). The host refuses any value outside the on/off spellings in Configuration when it starts. It is read from the environment of whichever process builds the launch, so set it in the right place:
- foreground cotal spawn: your own shell, per spawn;
- detached (-d): the manager’s environment, because the manager builds the launch. Set it where you start the manager (COTAL_CODEX_TUI=0 cotal up) and it applies to every codex agent that manager supervises. Exporting it in the shell that runs cotal spawn -d does nothing.
A detached agent gets the manager’s pty, which is a terminal, so the default there is the TUI, which is what cotal attach streams. Once the TUI paints, the terminal belongs to Codex, so the host’s own diagnostics move to host.log inside the agent’s private home (<workspace>/.cotal/codex/<space>-<name>-<hash>/host.log; the handoff line prints the exact path, and ls -t .cotal/codex/*/host.log finds it after the fact). Attached, a failure is also reported on the terminal; detached, that report goes to the pty, so the file is the durable copy.
Presence from events. working/idle/waiting are derived from the app-server event stream; approval requests relay an approval condition. A failed turn maps its native codexErrorInfo into the closed condition vocabulary and preserves that value in condition.source. Presence writes leave the host in the order the events arrived, so a turn that fails or asks for approval in the tick it started keeps its condition until the next turn starts. The model id is reported from the started thread.

contextWindowExceeded maps to context; sessionBudgetExceeded to budget; usageLimitExceeded to billing; rateLimitExceeded to rate_limit; serverOverloaded to overloaded; internalServerError and httpConnectionFailed to server; unauthorized to auth; badRequest, cyberPolicy, and misalignmentPolicyViolation to request; and rollback, sandbox, other, or an unrecognized value to failed. An error marked willRetry maps to retrying while keeping its native source.

--opt k=v launch options render as codex -c k=v config overrides on the app-server child (top-level keys, scalar values; write TOML inline-table text yourself for nested values). The connector’s own defaults and selectors ride the same rail and yield to yours, except mcp_servers, which is how the agent reaches the mesh: the whole namespace is refused loud (at spawn, not at launch) rather than silently overridden.

Event plane

A spawned seat publishes a structured account of what it did: run boundaries per turn, assistant text, reasoning, and the tool calls the model makes through Codex’s function-call and custom-tool interfaces, each with its start and its end. Tool arguments and tool results are not republished onto this channel. That covers the tools you watch a seat use, shell and apply_patch among them. The channel is events.<owner>.<actor>, named after the seat’s principal, and the rules for it are the same on every connector: see connect-claude.md for the channel, the grant, and how to read it. The launcher sets COTAL_EVENTS by default; pass --no-events to opt out. Your own codex publishes nothing unless its environment arms the plane.

cotal spawn watcher --agent codex -d   # event plane armed; read it with `cotal console`

Eight things are specific to Codex and worth knowing before you read a stream:

The thread’s rollout file is the durable record. The seat’s rollout lives inside its own isolated CODEX_HOME, under <workspace>/.cotal/codex/<space>-<name>-<hash>/sessions/<yyyy>/<mm>/<dd>/rollout-<stamp>-<thread>.jsonl. Reading the file rather than the stream is what lets the seat resume a thread’s stream where it stopped after its own process restarts, rather than reopening it from the top.
A restarted app-server is a NEW thread, and its stream is a new one. When the child dies and the seat brings up a replacement, Codex starts a fresh thread with a fresh rollout. The seat finishes the old one first, publishing what it had and closing any run left open, then begins publishing the new thread under its own write-ahead log. A reader sees one stream end and another begin, never one stream silently continuing under a different thread. If the new thread’s file is slow to appear the order is the other way round: the seat spends its whole bounded look for the new file first, and the old stream ends when that look gives up, not at the moment of the restart. From the give-up on it publishes nothing until the new thread binds at a later turn boundary; it does not keep reporting the dead thread’s activity in the meantime.
The stream starts where the seat binds to the file. thread/start writes nothing to disk; the file appears when the thread is primed. The seat binds to it then, and publishes from that point forward. If the file is slow to appear the seat says so in its log and looks again at each turn boundary, and whatever the thread wrote before the bind is not republished.
Codex’s built-in tools remain private to the host. Web search, tool search and image generation record an end with no start, and nothing joins the two halves: the start-shaped record carries no call id and the end carries one. Rather than guess a pairing, the seat drops them, so those tool uses are absent from the stream while everything on the function-call path is present.
Failed turns publish run errors. Codex records a failure on the turn’s own completion record, so a turn that hit a usage limit or an upstream error ends its run with RUN_ERROR carrying the fixed message run failed and no code. Neither Codex’s error text nor its codex_error_info is published there: both are upstream values that can echo your prompt or tool output, and the events channel has a different read ACL.
No user-authored text is published, ever. Your prompts, the peer messages injected into the thread, and the developer instructions the persona supplies are all withheld. The events channel carries a different read ACL from the channel you typed into, so republishing your own words there would widen who can read them. Assistant text, reasoning and tool activity are unaffected.
A broker outage can stop the plane. Initial mesh absence still fails the host’s readiness gate within 15 seconds, so it never opens an offline-looking TUI. Once ready, the plane publishes through the seat’s reconnecting mesh endpoint, and an outage can stop its emitter for good. On a space that requires events the seat then stops with exit code 1. On any other space the seat keeps running, its log records AG-UI emitter stopped, and the thread publishes nothing more until an app-server restart brings up a new thread with its own plane. Tool arguments and tool results are not published. The stream also does not carry the session’s own record of the user’s words and the developer instructions. A bind announces where the stream starts and the emitter’s setup then runs before its first read; what the thread appends inside that window is published rather than left behind the cursor, and a whole turn can sit in there. Nothing is sent twice. The boundary itself is written to the log as soon as the bind succeeds, so a host that dies before its first read still resumes from that boundary rather than from wherever the file ends by the time it comes back.

The grant still does not decide who may READ a plane. A spawn through the manager gives a seat publish rights on its own event channel and nothing else, and a spawn whose grant names a different agent’s event channel is refused at the door. That fence is the manager’s, it reads the concrete form and leaves a pattern such as events.<owner>.> to ordinary ACL authority, and a foreground cotal spawn on your own machine grants whatever you name because it mints from your own signing material. connect-claude.md spells all three out. Who may READ a plane is minted separately and out of band either way, with cotal actor grant on a user-auth mesh and cotal mint --profile agent --allow-subscribe on a static one. Who may read the plane is still that mint, not the spawn grant.
Reasoning is published as its summary only. Codex also stores an encrypted reasoning blob on every reasoning record; it is opaque, no reader can display it, and it is never put on the wire.

Sandbox autonomy

A spawned Codex agent is woken by peer messages, which arrive when nobody is watching the terminal. The defaults follow from that, and all three are overridable per spawn with --opt.

Default	What it means
`approval_policy="never"`	Never ask before running a command. Not “refuse”: the agent runs its commands, it just does not stop to prompt. An interactive policy is refused loud rather than honored dishonestly, because a mesh-driven turn would block forever on a prompt nobody sees, and the alternative (auto-answering for you) nullifies the policy you asked for.
`sandbox_mode="workspace-write"`	Commands may read anywhere but write only inside the agent’s workspace. This, not the prompt, is the part that is actually enforced; see below for the (real) exposure it leaves.
`sandbox_workspace_write={network_access=true}`	Network on inside that sandbox. Codex’s own default is off, which breaks installing a dependency, pushing a branch, or calling an API, with an error that reads like the task is impossible rather than the sandbox saying no. Applied only when the sandbox is actually `workspace-write`: tighten the mode and no network grant is emitted at all.

What the sandbox guarantees, stated literally: it blocks out-of-workspace local filesystem writes. It does not block reads, exfiltration, or networked side effects.

All three of those are live with the defaults above, because a peer’s message is a remote input that can cause this agent to run commands. A confused or hostile peer can in principle get it to read a file elsewhere on your machine and send it; reach loopback or link-local services; or act through any credential it can read, which includes irreversible actions: a force-push, an API delete, a deploy. Containing filesystem writes is therefore not the same as containing damage, and it should not be read that way. It is still worth keeping, because it is the one class this sandbox can actually enforce.

If that exposure is wrong for a given agent, turn the network back off (below), tighten the mode, or run it under a separate OS user; the same point is repeated under Limits so it survives a skim. The spawn capability is the trust boundary for who may create an agent; the sandbox bounds one class of what it can then be talked into doing, not all of it.

Tune it per spawn:

cotal spawn --agent codex --opt sandbox_mode=read-only                        # tightest: no writes
cotal spawn --agent codex --opt 'sandbox_workspace_write={network_access=false}'  # contained, offline
cotal spawn --agent codex --opt sandbox_mode=danger-full-access               # no sandbox at all

danger-full-access is Codex’s own name for it and means what it says: the agent may write anywhere your user account can. Codex documents that mode as intended only for environments that are already externally sandboxed (a container, a VM), not a workstation. On a laptop, prefer tightening the workspace over removing the sandbox.

Limits

The sandbox blocks out-of-workspace filesystem writes, and only that. It does not block reads, exfiltration, or networked side effects. With the default workspace-write + network on, a peer-driven turn can read anything your user account can (~/.ssh, ~/.aws, .env files, the agent’s own auth.json) and send it; reach loopback and link-local services; and act through any credential it can read, including irreversibly (a force-push, an API delete, a deploy). Only local writes outside the workspace are stopped, so this is not “everything risky is reversible” and not “the only exposure is disclosure”. If that is wrong for a given agent, spawn it with --opt 'sandbox_workspace_write={network_access=false}' or --opt sandbox_mode=read-only, or run it as a separate OS user. See Sandbox autonomy.
Not a boundary between agents on one machine. The app-server listener and the tool endpoint are both loopback-bound and token-authenticated, which keeps out other OS users and anything off-box. It is not isolation between managed agents, which run as the same user and can therefore reach each other’s tokens; a hostile agent on your workstation could drive another’s Codex or speak as it on the mesh. Run mutually distrusted agents under separate OS users or separate machines.
The TUI is local-only. The app-server listener binds loopback and nothing else, so attaching Codex’s UI to an agent on another machine needs your own SSH port-forward; there is no built-in remote attach. cotal attach (which streams the manager’s pty) is the supported way to reach a detached agent.
No session resume. cotal spawn --resume <id> throws: a resumed codex thread comes up without its configured MCP servers, so the agent would be mute on the mesh.
No tool-sharing. connectors.codex.mcpServers is not implemented and throws if set.
Experimental upstream surface. codex app-server is labeled experimental by OpenAI (it is also what the Codex TUI itself runs on). The connector pins every protocol shape in one driver file and re-proves the contract with a gated live smoke (COTAL_E2E_CODEX=1).